Thomas C Ivie. born 25 Aug 1820, Bedford County, TN, married Amanda Moore 16 June 1840, Nauvoo, Ill. died c1863, MO.

1820 born 25 Aug 1820, Bedford County, TN

1829 moved with family to Monroe county, MO

1837-9 Was he in Clay or Caldwell counties, MO or did he remain in Monroe county for this period?. Andrew Moore was at some point in Clay county. I'm inclined to think Thomas must have met Amanda at this time, or it would be hard to account for his being in Nauvoo. If he had not been in Clay, or Caldwell counties with his brother James R Ivie, his brother-in-law Ezekiel Billington, and the various Allred uncles & cousins, then he must have stayed back in Monroe Co. Why suddenly & needlessly pull up stakes and join the desperate famine & disease ridden exodus from MO? It makes more sense he met Amanda before or during the exodus and chose to accompany the Moore family rather than to follow the example of his brother and brother-in-law who were able to return to Monroe County, apparently without problem.

1840 Thomas C is married Amanda Moore 16 June 1840, by the elder Isaac Allred (uncle of Thomas C Ivie and Isaac Allred, the younger.) in Nauvoo, Ill. As far as is known he is the only Ivie to have lived (or even visited?) Nauvoo. (A remark made much later by James A Ivie gives the impression that the Ivies in Monroe county had lost contact with their relatives living in Nauvoo).

1845 daughter Sarah Jane is born in Nauvoo

1846- July. Thomas C joins the Mormon Battalion and was likely in the Council Bluffs, Iowa area. Not sure where Amanda was at this time. Was she left in the care of her family? Thomas C marched with the Mormon Battalion to California. He was one of sixteen men who accompanied

General Kearney and Charles Fremont back to Fort Leavonwerth for the latter's courtmartial. This was because Fremont claimed to be the first governor of California and refused to follow orders to the contrary. One interesting thing about this trip was that these U.S. officers and the sixteen MormonBattalion members were the first to arrive at Donner's

Pass following the fate of the Donner-Reed Party. At the first cabin they found many dead people and General Kearney ordered the men to bury them. They found the same gruesome scenes of death at the second cabin but Kearney let those remains lie as they were. This is all documented in Norma Ricketts book, "The Mormon Battalion."

1848 8 Dec 1848 William Harvy is born at Council Bluffs.

1850 Immigrated with family to Utah. The family likely moved to Provo where the extended Ivie family had moved. An LDS group sheet lists the 1850 birth of Amos Elmer Ivie as being in Nevada. I suppose this is possible, but unlikely.

1854 Returns with brother James Russell Ivie to Shelby county, MO to try to break their fathers will. Sign quitclaim for cash settlement.

1859 Thomas C moves with brother James Russell Ivie and his extended family to Sanpete County, helps settle Mt Pleasant.

May - Thomas C murders Isaac Allred

June - Trial, found guilty, condemned to death.

"...(Isaac Allred) was killed by Thos. Ivie, who assailed him over a trivial matter and beat him with a burning stick from the camp fire...He died the next day. The difficulty arose over some sheep which Bro. Allred had in charge and which belonged to Thos. Ivie. His murderer was tried and condemned to death, but he managed to escape and went east. Pres. Young prophesied that Thos Ivie would apostatize from the Church and that buzzards would pick his bones. This prediction was literally fulfilled, as the remains of Mr. Ivie were subsequently found in a corn field nearly devoured by buzzards." (from biography of Isaac Allred in the LDS Biographical Encyclopedia.)

While the above might seem to lay to rest the sad affair of the murder of Isaac Allred by Thomas C Ivie, it inadvertantly raises the question of another murder, that of Thomas C Ivie in Missouri for which we have only circumstantial evidence that this murder took place. The account by Hilda Madsen Langsdor in her history, Mt Pleasant, states that Thomas was murdered by a brother-in-law, while a brief reference that appeared years later in the Saltt lake City Tribune suggests the murder may have been at the instigation of the Mormon church. Certainly, if Ms Longsdor's reportage is accurate, we are left to wonder what Bringham Young's interest in the case could have been for him to have prophasized so strongly against Ivie.

The bare facts are that on Wenesdays, 11 May 1859. Thomas C Ivie killed his cousin Isaac Allred. Allred was burried at Fort Ephraim the next day. News of the murder apparently traveled rapidly throughout Utah, and the basic facts were known in different parts . Hoseah Stout, writes in his jouirnal on __ May, "News from San Pete County is that Isaac Allred my brother-in-law has been murdered by Thomas Ivie. The particulars and circumstances which led to his murder I have not learned." , with the following added sometime later. "Isaac Allred and Thomas Ivie were both good Mormons of long standing in the church, neighbors and friends, they became involved in a quarrel over some sheep."

John D Lee, heard of the assault on the 9 of June. makes the following notation in his journal. "Thurs 9th ( ) Samuel Hamilton arrived from G.S. Lake City, reported that Thos Ivy killed Isaac Allred, both of San Pete Co. It seems that the parties got into a dispute about herding sheep and Ivy struck him an unlucky blow on the head with a cedar stick which he drew out of the fire in the moment of passion, broke his skull. He lived 8 hours, but never spoke. Allred previous to this it seems had struck Ivy several times."

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"Fatal Assault - A correspondent at Manti, under date of May 15th, says that on the evening of 11th of May, at Pleasant creek in Sanpete county, a man by the name of Thomas Ivie committed an assault upon Isaac Allred, striking him twice with a fire brand, breaking the skull, which caused death shortly after.

Ivie was immediately arrested and committed, to answer for the offense at the next term of court.

Deceased had a large family which by that fatal occurrence, are left to mourn the loss of a much loved and respected husband and father."

Deseret News

Wed, May 25, 1859

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May 12 - Thomas Ivie is arrested and taken to Manti, where he is bound over by Justice Elisher Averett.

June 13 - A grand jury was impaneled which on the 14th presented a true bill for murder against Thomas C Ivie. A jury was then chosen and the case proceeded; the trial lasted until the 16th when it was admitted to jury, who returned a verdict of guilty, and on Friday, June 17th, Judge Garner Snow pronounced a sentence of death upon the prisoner.

A rather peculiar aspect of this trial is the fact that Gardner Snow, acted as both the Prosecuting Attorney, and as Judge. Was this a common practice in the Probate Courts of the time? It would seem to inject a rather strong bias in favor of convictions into the judicial system.

June 15 - The Prisoner, was then brought into Court, Indictment was read by the Clerk (see original file in office) the Judge then enquired- Prisoner are you guilty or not guilty to charge in indictment. The Prisoner, pled I'm not guilty. The Prosecution and the Defence both announced, that they were ready to proceed with the case and requested that A Jury should be empanelled A venire Was returned by Sheriff with the following names of persons duly Summoned as a "Traverse Jury" to wit.

George W. Bradley, Martin Lindsay, L. W. CoxSen., Jeryareal Thomaker,W. L. Seeley, Alford N. Billings, Nelson Higgins, Isaac Herring, Orville L. Cox, Abner Lowry, Elisha Edwards, Caleb S Edwards.

Court adjourned till 1O'clock P.M

1O'clock P.M. Court called in Session Prisoner in Court

The following persons having been duly Subpoenaed appeared and were Sworn witnesses on the part of the Prosecution as witnesses to wit Benjamin Jones, Rosanah Jones, Moses M. Landers, Mary J. Landers, John Allred, Isaiah Cox, James W. Lemons, David H. Jones and Mary JAllred.

Attorney G. Snow on the part of the Prosecution then proceeded in an able manner to try before the Court the leading facts or particulars touching the Murder of Isaac Allred, and during his remarks stated that though he had no private Malice against Prisoner yet he intended to prosecute the case with utmost vigor so that the dignity of the law might be vindicated. And in answer to Court said, "We are ready to proceed with the examination of Witnesses." Moses Landers and Benjamin Jones were then examined after which the Court took recess for 5 minutes. Court Resumed it's sitting and proceeded to the examination of Isaiah Cox. (Unfortunately, their is no transcript of the actual testimony.) The Court then ordered the Jury to retire to their Room under the Charge of the Bailiff with the restriction that no person be allowed any Communication with them except through the proper Officers. Court adjourned till tomorrow 9 A.M.

Wednesday, June 16th 1859, 9 O'clock A.M. Court resumed its Session Isaiah Cox, recalled resumed his testimony Rosanah Jones, Mary L. Landers, and J. W. Lemons each gave in evidence in the Case. During the examination of J. W. Lemons, a question arose with the Attorneys on the propriety of introducing family affairs of Deceased into evidence Prosecution raising the objection, Court ruled that private family affairs being disconnected did not touch the Case So was out of Order. Court adjourned till 1:30 P.M.

1:30 P.M.Court resumed its Session. Jury brought into Court answering to their names all present. Prisoner in his Seat Court proceeded with the Case and with the testimony of John A. Allred at the close of which the Prosecuting Attorney stated that he had no more testimony to offer but asked the privilege of recalling any of his witnesses already examined should he decide such a course expedient which the Court granted

Witnesses for the Defence on Subpoena. The following persons then came forward as witnesses on the part of the defence who were duly Sworn to wit. James R. Ivie, Jerome Zebriskey, William A. Allred, John L. Ivie, William Bench, & Julia A. Allred. All who were duly examined (see report) On which closed the evidence on both sides Prosecution and Defence and on the Jury retiring Court adjourned till June 16th 1859. Tomorrow 10 A.M.

Thursday June 16th 1859 10 A.M. Court in Session. Mr. Snow on the part of the Prosecution took up the Case in an able and a Comprehensive Manner, reading The "Indictment" and commenting upon the Testimony given before the Court; followed by his Colleague R. W. Glenn Esq. Who commented upon the Indictment and the Legality of the finding then further commented upon the various testimony touching The Case and concluded by expressing his conviction that the Jury had no other alternative but to convict the Prisoner of Murder in the First Degree.

Mr. Hatch for the Defence made a very impressive and affecting Plea to the effect that though it was acknowledged that the Prisoner at the Bar did kill the Deceased Isaac Allred yet he the counselor Maintained that said act was not premeditated or willful as for as killing applied but was committed under the influence of excitement and insanity and dwelt largely and powerfully upon the principle of Mercy.

Mr. Lily then followed also for the defence who commented upon the testimony and the Law dwelt some what on the previous Friendship that existed between the Prisoner and the Deceased and expressing perfect confidence in the integrity of the Jury and submitted The Case to them on the part of the Defence asking the Jury to be Merciful as they hoped to obtain Mercy

Closing Pleas Attorney G. Snow arose and made his closing Plea by expressing his confidence in the Jury and being assured that they would render their Verdict according to Law and evidence he willingly an confidently Submitted The Case. Jury retired to their Room. Court Adjourned till 1 P.M.

1P.M. O'clock. Court called. Mr. Glenn then delivered the final Plea on the part of the Prosecution in a spirited manner asking for a justVerdict. Here the Pleas closed on the part of both Prosecution and Defence;

Judge Snow then Charged the Jury on all the points of Law and evidence touching The Case (see charge on file) then ordered the Sheriff to take charge of Jury to confine them and see that they held no communication intercourse of an unlawful nature and have no food or drink save water till they had agreed upon their verdict or were discharged by the Court. The Jury retired at 2:30 P.M. Court took recess for 15 min. 2:45 P.M. Court resumed it Sitting.

A rather novel approach to getting a quick verdict was restricting the jury to only water till they rendered a verdict.

At 5 P.M. The Jury notified the Court that they had agreed upon their Verdict upon which the Judge Ordered The Jury to be brought into Court who appeared took their seats and answered to their names; We the undersigned Jurors being duly sworn before the Probate Court of said County on Tuesday the (14th) fourteen day of June one thousand eight hundred & fifty nine to hear and determine The Case of the people of the United States in the Territory of Utah and Thomas Ivie Defendant arraigned upon an Indictment; find the Prisoner guilty of Murder in the First Degree

The Court Ordered the Prisoner to Stand up and hear the Verdict---which was then read aloud by the Clerk the Jury were then Polled and each Juror in turn being interrogated by the Judge answered that is my Verdict. The Jury were then discharged. Court then adjourned till tomorrow 10A.M.

Friday June 17th 1859. 10:30 A.M. O'clock The Prisoner brought into Court Judge enquired Prisoner have you anything to say Why the Sentence of the Law should not be passed upon you Prisoner said " I return my thanks to the Court Officers and Citizens for the kind treatment I have received during my imprisonment and trial I believe all have done their duty I may now say that I do not deny having Killed Isaac Allred but did not Kill him intentionally or with premeditation I am satisfied that some of the Witnesses have carried some little prejudice in their evidence against me though at the same time it may have been innocently done I am reconciled to my fate and am ready to meet it for I have no desire to evade Justice as I know it will overtaken me sooner or later: I desire that the Court will prolong the day of my Execution as far as they consistently can so that I may have sufficient time to arrange private matters of business and I furthermore request the privilege of choosing the alternative of being Shot instead of being hung such being the allowance of the Law"

The Judge addressed the Prisoner and the audience setting forth his feelings on the present occasion and touched upon the importance of his present responsibility as that of pronouncing The Sentence of Death upon a fellow being then added Prisoner stand up and receive your sentence Thomas Ivie you have been indicted by a Grand Jury of your Countrymen have been arraigned before this Court upon that Indictment and have had a fair and impartial trial before a Jury of your own choice That Jury have rendered a Verdict against you of "Murder in the First Degree" it now becomes my duty to pronounce the Sentence of Death upon you which is that you be remanded back in the hands of the Sheriff from whence you came there to remain until the eighth day of July eighteen hundred and fifty nine between the hours of 9 A.M and 1 P.M. then to be taken some place that shall be appointed and prepared by the Sheriff within the Limits of Sanpete County Utah Territory there and then on the day and between the hours aforesaid to be executed by being Shot and your blood to flow until you are dead dead! dead! And the Lord help you and have mercy on your Soul . The Judge then commanded the Sheriff to take Charge of the Prisoner to carry out the order of the Court and execute the sentence just past upon Thomas Ivie the Prisoner

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Ivie appealed his case to be tried before Judge Eccles, and on the 3rd of July, Sheriff A. Tuttle left Manti with the prisoner for Camp Floyd. Ivie was kept at Camp Floyd for sometime, then turned loose. He went to Missouri where he quarreled with a brother-in-law, who killed him and left his body in a corn field to be devoured by the buzzards. This happened about a year after he left Utah. " Longsdor, Hilda Madsen, Mount Pleasant

There was a giant battle ragging in Utah over whether the local Mormon dominated probate courts, or the often quite anti-Mormon Federal Judges had jurisdiction over criminal proceedings. Judge Eckles, who Thomas C is supposed to have appealed his conviction was considered by the Mormons to be their major enemy, feelings on both sides were pretty much mutual. Eckles was forced to hold court at Camp Floyd, where his juries were as heavily weighted with Gentiles, as the Probate courts were with Mormons.

Camp Floyd c1860

1860 Sometime 1859-60 Thomas C escapes from Camp Floyd, and goes to MO. He appears in the 1860, Monroe County, MO Census as living with his mother.

1861 Amanda Jane marries Mathew Caldwell 20 Dec 1861 in the Endowment House.

1863

Camp Floyd was a product of the so-called "Utah War." Influenced by rumors of rebellion in Utah, President James Buchanan ordered 2,500 soldiers led by Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston. Extreme cold and harassment by Mormon guerrillas forced Johnston's Army into a winter encampment called Camp Scott near Fort Bridger. Successful peace negotiations resulted in orders in the spring of 1858 for the army to march through Salt Lake City and on to a garrison site in Cedar Valley. Johnston moved the garrison across a creek from present-day Fairfield. Though originally intended to be an occupying force, the army found itself virtually isolated from most of Utah's citizens. In 1860 the post was renamed Fort Crittenden, and by midsummer of 1861 it was abandoned.

Thomas is variously described as having escaped, or of being let go from Camp Floyd. If Thomas C Ivie was percieved as an apostate by Bringham Young, then he was likely looked on with favor by his captors, and allowed to escape, especially given the confussion that was occuring there at the time when the Fort was being closed down. There was certainly never any love lost between the authorities at Camp Floyd and the Mormon Church. A lot of disaffected Mormon's were collecting around Camp Floyd for protection at this time, but with the growing tensions leading up to the Civil War, it was obvious the Army would soon withdrawn, and that those wanting to leave Utah had best to leave sooner than later. Thomas may have teamed up with such a group. Considering he had already crossed the plains four times, his expertise would have been welcome.

There is considerable circumstantial evidence that Thomas C Ivie was in Monroe county, MO, as early as 1860. The 1859 Census lists a Thomas Ivie as living with his mother Sarah the widow of Anderson Ivie, and a Thomas Ivie was a bidder at the sale of household goods after the death her death in February 1861. There is no other likely Thomas Ivie on the family tree.

An intriguing, but cryptic note is found among the Probate Papers of the Anderson Ivie estate.

Wm Long adm of estate of Anderson Ivie said

Pltf

against } Attachment*

Thomas C Ivie Deff

Received Paris MO, March

30th 1863 of William Long, Sixteen dollars & 25 cnts

in full of Bill of Jas R Winchell, for administering.

Order of Publication in above entitled (court?) for

four weeks in "Plamyra Courier"

Henry Davis, Clerk

Monroe Cir Court

*The attachment is missing in my copy.

What does this mean? Why is William Long, in his capacity as administrator of Anderson Ivie's Will, suing Thomas C Ivie? Is there a clue here about the murder, the motive perhaps. Thomas C Ivie is presumably still alive up to about this time, but as William Long did not always pay these estate bills in a very timely fashion, we can only know with certainty that the suit took place before 30 March 1863. Unfortunately the attachment, presumably a copy of the article from the Palmyra Courier is missing from the Court Records. This could be an important clue that needs to be tracked down.

In Hilda Madsen Langsdor's account, Thomas Ivie is said to have been murdered by a brother-in-law. Of Thomas Ivie's three brothers-in-laws in Missouri, we can eliminate Ezekiel Billington, who was himself murdered by one James Dye on 16 November 1857, leaving William Long, and William Hackley Allred. William Long, himself died between December 1863 and November 1865. Whether his death had anything to do with Thomas Ivie, there is no information at this time, but he was suing Ivie, so a certain amount of animosity might be expected between them. Whether it might have led to the death of one or both of them is anybone's guess. Afterall a disagreement over sheep ended in the death of Isaac Allred.

William H Allred, had a very powerful motive for killing Thomas Ivie. Isaac Allred was his brother. But if that was the cause, why had Allred tolerated Ivie's presence since 1860? Perhaps whatever was happening with the estate was enough to push Allred over the edge? But before building a case against either Long or Allred, we had better invoke the rule of habias corpus. We don't know for certain if Thomas C Ivie was murdered, and we most certainly & quite literally don't have the body.

There is still another possibility. In its coverage of Richard Ivie's testimony at the Aiken murder trial, the strongly anti-Mormon Salt Lake Tribune intimates that a brother of Richard may have been murdered under church instruction. As there is no brother who would fit this bill, it is more likely a reference to his uncle Thomas C Ivie who not only was murdered, but seems to have provoked the ire of Bringham Young, and a rather graphic prediction of his demise.

18 May Amanda Dies at Fountain Green, Sanpete County. Amanda died 5 days after giving birth to a daughter Amanda Veturia Caldwell.

Given the tragic death of both parents, this story cannot be completed with knowing what became of the orphaned children. To date we have biographies of three of them. Amanda Artilla Ivie, Willam H Ivie, and Joseph J Ivie

Compiled by Jerry Eppard

Here's what I have on William H. Ivie, first from the Reorganized Church of the Latter day Saints Guilford Branch, Nodaway County, MO. William was born December 8, 1848 in Pottawattamie, Iowa he was baptized in Willow Creek, Gallatin, Montana on January 10, 1869 by Robert C. Moore and confirmed by the same.

According to the probate records of Andrew Moore, Robert C. Moore states that on about the 9th day of May, 1870, Andrew Moore the father of the claimant then living in Nodaway County, Missouri, being aged and infirm, requested that the claimant to come from Jefferson Valley, Gallatin County, Montana, to the home of said Andrew Moore, for the purpose of attending upon the said Andrew Moore in his sickness, and to wash for him and take care of his farm.

William H. Ivie Plaintiff VS

Robert C. Moore as Administrator

The said Plaintiff, William H. Ivie says that the said Robert C. Moore is the administrator of the estate of said Andrew Moore, deceased, duly appointed by the Probate Court of said Nodaway County, Missouri; that on the first day of April 1870 said decedent, then living unindebted to plaintiff for ten months wash and labor, on and before that date done and performed by plaintiff for said decedent, as his hired hand. On the first settlement the records show Amanda A. (Ivie) Hailey and her husband was paid $100.00 and R.C. Moore was paid $203.00 and W.H. Ivie was paid $150.00.

Compiled by Larry L Snyder

First, the oral family history (after 5 generations). There was an

attempt to force Thomas & Amanda into a polygamous situation that they

refused repeatedly. After a time, they gathered the family and

attempted to leave, but were followed by a "search party" (Danites) and intercepted. Thomas was killed with Amanda taken into a polygamous arrangement with her children. My gg grandfather, William Harvey Ivie, subsequently came back to Missouri and lived out his days. Thus endeth the oral history.

William Harvey Ivie's obituary states, "...He was born December 8, 1848, near what is now called Council Bluffs, Iowa. In 1851 or 1852, he crossed the plains in a covered wagon with his parents for the golden opportunities of the west. When he was 12 years of age he was bereft of both his father and mother and was left to his own resources for a =

living. He stayed with a cousin at Provo, Utah, until he was 17 when he went to Montana. At the age of 20, he embarked on a steamboat from Fort Benton, Montana down the Missouri river for the State of Missouri landing at Atchison, Kansas after a continuous voyage of 17 days...".

daughter of Thomas C Ivie

compiled by Jerry Eppard

Amanda Artilla Ivie & daughter

Amanda came to Missouri, in May of 1869 with her uncle Robert C Moore from Jefferson Valley, Gallatin, Montana to take care of her grandfather Andrew Moore in his latter years. According to the probate records of Andrew Moore, her brother William H. Ivie showed up at about the same time to help as a farmhand. I don't know if he was staying with his uncle Robert or not.

While living with her grandfather in Sweet Home, Nodaway County, Mo. she met Arthur Hailey from Avenue City, Andrew County, Missouri. They were married by her uncle Robert a Minister of the Gospel of the Latter Day Saints (Reorganized LDS). Amanda is buried in the Hailey cemetery on the Hailey farm just east of Avenue City; they had 10 children before Amanda died on 6 Jan.1909. There was a RLDS Church on the Hailey farm called Rising Hope, and according to the old records of the church Amanda was baptized in Willow Creek, Gallatin, Montana by Robert C Moore on July 4, 1868. The Hailey family belonged to the Guilford Branch, of the RLDS Church in Nodaway County, which all the Moore's attended and I am guessing this is where Amanda and Arthur met.

In the Probate papers of Andrew Moore, in 1871 Amanda Jane Ivie is listed as an heir but that her residence is unknown. Did her daughter and brother not know 8 years later that she had remarried and passed away?

from the Saints Herald Obits Book 18 p.669

At Guilford, Missouri, on August 22nd, 1870 Rebecca, wife of Br. Andrew Moore aged 73 years, 2 months, and 15 days. Also at the same place, September 18th, 1871, Andrew Moore relict of the above, aged 78 years, 8 months, and 24 days. Br. Moore received the gospel in Brown County, Ohio, on the first day of May, 1833. He was baptized by Elder Jonathan Sumner. He moved to Clay County, Missouri, in June, 1834, thence to Nauvoo in the dark and gloomy days, and thence to Utah, but never went into their heresies. He had a premonition of his departure for some time, but it was no terror to him, for he was prepared to go. Surely the old soldiers are passing on before. May we be also ready.

This obit comes from Zion's Ensign Volume 9 April 7, 1898

Haley.—At Avenue City, Missouri, where he had gone to visit his son, March 17, 1898, Bro. Thomas Haley of Independence, Missouri. Deceased was born at Parkham, Oxfordshire, England; September 14, 1816 was married to Ann Croxford, December 31, 1839. Four sons and five daughters were born to them, of whom three sons and two daughters with his companion remain. He united with the church, November 1846, and moved to Utah in 1854: becoming dissatisfied, returned to Missouri in 1859, and some time after united with the Reorganized Church. Moved to Independence in 1882. Services by Priest R. M. Jeffries

Thomas sailed from Liverpool, England on the Windermere February 22, 1854 to New Orleans, and then up the Mississippi to Westport, where they joined the Daniel Garn, Wagon Company for Utah arriving October 1, 1854.

As you can see both men became dissatisfied with life in Utah, I have always wondered if a group of them didn't follow Andrew back to MO. He was the President of the Fifth Quorum of Seventy and would probably have had some influence.

I was born in Prove, Utah in 1852. My father was in the Mexican War. He walked from Missouri to California. Father worked at Sutter's Mill in the gold rush there. After he was discharged from the army, he walked back to Missouri and had to eat mule meat on the way. My parents came from Missouri to Utah in 1850. In 1863 he went back to Missouri to administer an estate and was killed by bushwhackers.

When I was ten years old I was left to shift for myself. I packed mules, drove bull trains, rode broncos, and engaged in cattle raising.

There were probably thirty families in Prove when I was a boy. I can remember seeing many emigrant trains going through Salt Lake on their way to the coast. My uncle James R. Ivie had eight sons and was instrumental in protecting the whites from the Indians and in opening up new settlements in Utah. In 1862, he built a mud wall fortress at Ephraim in the San Pete Valley. Mr. Pleasant was settled by him.

I was in the mining towns of Nevada and Montana. I worked for a man who freighted from Salt Lake City to Virginia City and Montana. He had 64 bull teams. We got snowed in on the Snake River in Idaho in 1864. We lost all our stock except one small mule which survived by eating tree bark. Flour brought fifty dollars per hundred at the mining camps.

The Mormons were organized into bands ofMinutemen for protection against the Indians. I was a member of these organizations and engaged in many Indian Battles.

I have been on the ground where the Gunnison massacre took place. We had an Indian in our camp who boasted about the massacre staling that he took part in it. One of the companies seized my six shooter and shot him and threw him in the river.

I rode broncos for two years while in a company ofMinutemen. I underwent many hardships and dangers. I thought I had to do what I was told to do, as I had from ten years of age been taking orders from other people. I took hazardous chances which I would never take again. Old John and Cannotch were two the Ute chiefs against whom I fought.

I bought and sold cattle all over the state of Utah and was well acquainted with every town in Utah. I made three stakes and lost them. Buyers for cattle came from Idaho and Montana.

There were three organized bands of horse thieves in Nevada. There were three in Montana too. Each band was composed of from twelve to fourteen men. They were brazen and would many times drive off the cattle in the presence of the owner.

Jim Locke's band robbed the stage at Pleasant Valley. On one side was an aspen grove, on the other side was a large rock. They robbed the Wells Pargo stage there on three successive nights, and got $64,000 in the robberies. They got $3,600 from a Chinaman.

The day after the robbery the soldiers went to the scene of the robbery and found Locke's vest hanging on a nearby tree. The soldiers followed the trail of the robbers, but could not catch them as they had too many fresh horses. Slade, the sheriff, belonged to this gang. The SladeLocke gang were bushwhackers from the states. They would go to the ranches in the day time and take their horses while the ranchers looked on. The Mormons were given credit for robbing the stages and stock thievery which was done by these gangs.

The George lves gang were hanged. They had robbed the train the day before at Virginia City. When lves was asked if he had anything to say before he was hanged, his reply was, "Hurrah for JeffDavis," and then he jumped off the scaffold. Ivies made the request that his horse be placed in good hands, and that the horses name not be changed. He got the horse from an emigrant train going to Oregon. It was stolen.

It was in 1866 when I became a member of the "Minute Men". That famous "Rough-andReady" troop of Indian fighters who were always the first ones on the scene of an Indian raid where it may.

I was just thirteen years old at the time, and was very proud of myself, because I deemed it a great honor to be a member of the Minute Men. I was a member of this company fro about two years, during which time I was one of six who acted as scouts for the main company.

I remember an incident that occurred not long after I became a scout. The Indians raided the town of Scipio, Utah. My uncle, James R. Ivie, among many others was killed in this raid. When the Indians turned to flee, they took with them 240 horse, 6 mules, and about 800 head of cattle. The Minute Men were on the trail immediately. When we first sighted the Indians driving the stolen stock and beat a hasty retreat. Will Ivie and I remained to hold the horse herd while the Company went in pursuit of the Indians.

Darkness settled down and still the Company did not return. Will Ivie, being no older than I, was just excited over the skirmishes with the Indians as was 1. Consequently, when we observed two dark objects appearing out of the darkness, our first thoughts were, Indians! Will grabbed for his rifle and whanged into the night. I yelled for him to quit shooting, because upon moving forward the dark objects were more discemable. Behold! They proved to be a yoke of gentle oxen belonging to a neighbor who lived a short distance down the valley.

The shot brought the Minute Men Company on the run. Upon observing the situation, the entire Company burst into uproarious gales of laughter. There was an immense amount of friendly banter and ridicule heaped upon the shoulders of my cousin and I, for mistaking the brisket of a domestic bovine for an Indian War Bonnet. But there was no laughter forthcoming from the Oxen's indignant owner upon discovering that his best oxen had been wounded. Needless to say, from then on we were more carefUl where we directed out bullets.

I came to Farmington in 1899.

By - Ada Artilla Ivie Burdick

I often wonder just why writers and historians have forgotten to remember such a very important branch of the pioneer builders of the great and glorious West ~ the freighters — the Knights of the Leather Ribbons.

After the peace was negotiated with the Indian tribes that closed the Black Hawk War, Joe Ivie. was mustered out of the McArthur Minutemen Company. He went to work for Brigham Young building the rail roadbed for the Oregon Short Line in northern Utah. Returning to Salt Lake City, he met the freighter of western fame, Henry Morton Stanley, who had a string of sixty-four bull ox teams and drivers. Joe became one of them. Stanley bought Texas Trail cattle, and distributed meat and other products from his Last Chance Gulch, Montana base (later named Helena), as far away as Carson City, Nevada. Joe had many experiences while on the long haul from Last Chance Gulch to Carson City. Sorry I cannot record many of them here.

Three organized rustler bands, and many small renegade Indian bands, worked sections of their route. Most towns organized militia companies to fight the outlaws. One Vigilante group caught a outlaw band at one of the teams regular stopping places, who had robbed and murdered an old, well-loved "Chinaman" of their town. All of the outlaws got the handman's rope. Their leader. George Ivies, when asked if he had any last things to say, made a request that his horse be given to a kind, horse-loving man. The bystanders selected Joe, a young lad at the time, as the one to get the horse. Ivies exclaimed, "Hurrah for JeffDavis." and jumped from the platform to his death before the trap was sprung.

The very severe winter of 1869 caught Stanley's teams in a snow block on the Snake River in Idaho. They lost all their stock, except one smart old mule that ate the bark from all the trees within his reach and lived through. After that, horses were used instead of oxen to pull wagons.

When the boss, Henry Morton Stanley heard that nothing was being done to rescue his friend, David Livingston. who was reported lost in the African jungle, he sold out and signed up his boys to go on a hunt to bring him home. Joe wait home to Scipio, Utah to say goodbye to his family, friends and sweetheart Eliza. The expedition would go without Joe because the Scipio church authorities talked him out of going. Eliza and Joe were married at that time on May 10, 1874.

Dad Ivie cut cord wood for firewood and ties for the railroad for a time. Soon he was freighting on his own from points in Utah to Carson City, to the mines and large cattle ranches in

Nevada and Arizona

Dad Ivie came to the San Juan Basin in 1899. He became quite a feature in the county hereabouts with his six fast walking horses in shiny black harness, with silver conches and red tassels. Many years he spent freighting here. While here, he met or caught up with a few of his old freighting friends from times in Utah,Ed Dustin, John R. Young, Tom Stolworthy, George Adair, and Joe and Tom Hadden. They talked about what a small world it was, and the old times when they were hauling supplies to the mines of Nevada and Arizona. Just like old times. They were very glad to be together again.

Let us remember, what outstanding service the freighters can boast to as their own work well done. I am here to loudly hand them "hats off" and hurrahs" as their well earned rights and just dues.

So much they did. Just were to begin? What was most important? Was it bringing in supplies from the outer world? Or bringing new settlers in their heavy wagons? Or when they carried out produce raised by the settlers, or picked up products from neighbors along the way to the big towns? They carried: eggs, butter, cream, grains, garden vegetables, fruits, dressed poultry, butchered pork, lamb, veal and beef. Are these the big things they did?

Maybe it was rebuilding washed out bridges across flooded arroyos, making a cut-off to save miles of sandy road or a rocky hill that might be a great strain on the teams? Maybe it was picking stones from the road as they walked beside the teams, maybe it was always trying for a better crossing of a devilish steam, or better and shorter way to make the road from here to there.

One incident of bringing in settlers I want to mentionjust to remind you. Dad Ivie brought D.K.B. Sellers with all his goods and chattels. These included the printing press and machinery for his newspaper, "The Hustler". Among the other household goods was a piano — said to be the first piano brought into the San Juan Basin. The newspaper was later sold to William Butler and Orvil Ricketts. which became the "Times Hustler." It served the San Juan Basin well and is still doing services.

The freighter, was often a member of a rancher or fruit growers family, sometimes the owner himself. Made a freighter temporarily in the need to get the crop off and realize the only money income of the whole year. Freighters were usually happy as the day was long. Talked to the horses, petting them, singing or whistling to them all day, keeping them happy and friendly so they would be ready and willing when the hard and very difficult "pull" came, as it did all too often. They were great, unassuming, lonely, independent people.

Undaunted by mud, wind, sand storm, rain or snow, heat or cold, the freighter carried his repair kit and extra parts. This consisted of plenty of bailing wire, rawhide, a piece of buckskin, a clean white handkerchief, and a bottle of turpentine. Some carried a bottle of snake bite remedy - corn iye. Always by prepared for any emergency was their motto. And, of course, dont forget his dog.